Perspectives on Violence on Screen: A Critical Analysis of Seven Samurai and Sholay

This paper traces the portrayal of violence in cinema through the ages taking into consideration two films from two disparate countries and cultures - the Japanese Seven Samurai by Akira Kurosawa and its remake, the Indian blockbuster Sholay by Ramesh Sippy which was set in two different eras. This paper critiques the representation of violence in the two films and the reasons that led the films to become blockbuster hits. It takes into account the technical innovations used during the making and the resultant effect it had on the spectators. It also discusses the aspects which show that they are similar yet different from each other. Although Sholay has taken inspiration from Seven Samurai, its aggressive, dominant villain Gabbar is a well-rounded character and light has been thrown on his sadistic means. The samurai’s Bushido code of combat has been discussed concerning Kambei and the other samurai and how they remain loyal to it until the very end

Obstetric hysterectomy: a surgical emergency 3 years review in a tertiary care centre

Background: Obstetric haemorrhage is a life threatening complication associated with increased maternal morbidity and mortality. Its incidence is 0.2-4 per 1000 deliveries in developed countries and much higher in developing countries. The main cause still remains rupture uterus, postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) and placenta accreta spectrum (PAS).Methods: A retrospective analysis of obstetric hysterectomies performed over a period of 3 years from July 2017 to June 2020 was done. Incidence, risk factors, indication, outcome and complications of obstetric hysterectomies were evaluated.Results: A total 72 cases of obstetric hysterectomy were performed over 3 years period. Out of 72 cases, 33%, 28% and 14% cases were of peripartum hysterectomy done due to rupture uterus, PAS and PPH respectively. There was an increase in the incidence of PAS compared to previous years. There was no observed difference among patients undergoing total or subtotal hysterectomies. No difference as regard to duration of surgery, pre-operative or post-operative hemoglobin, IV fluid and blood product transfusion was noted among elective and emergency procedures. Statistically significant blood loss was observed in emergency hysterectomy compared to elective hysterectomy with p value of 0.004. An average need of transfusions was double in case of peripartum hysterectomy done for PPH compared to rupture uterus or adherent placenta. Bladder injury, burst abdomen and resuturing were three important morbidities. Maternal mortality was 2.8% in our study population.Conclusions: Emergency obstetric hysterectomy still remains a live saving procedure in case of catastrophic intractable hemorrhage and rupture uterus. Proper antenatal supervision, identification of risk factors and timely referral can reduce the incidence of associated morbidity and mortality

Depression, Anxiety and Stress among Female College Students in Delhi having Normal and Disordered Eating Behaviours

Background: Disordered eating behaviour is an emerging problem among young Indian females who undergo multiple changes during early adulthood. It may pose serious health consequences for these young women in their reproductive age. Psychological factors such as depression, anxiety and stress are likely to influence the eating practices of young females and predispose them to disordered eating behaviour.Objectives: The study was conducted to determine the prevalence and severity of depression, anxiety and stress among female college students in Delhi having normal and disordered eating behaviours.Materials and Methods: A total of 734 female undergraduate college students from University of Delhi comprised the study sample. An adapted Eating Attitudes Test (EAT)-26 was used to identify subjects having disordered eating behaviour and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS)-21 was used to assess the occurrence and severity of depression, anxiety and stress among them.Results: Findings revealed that prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress, ranging from mild to extremely severe forms, among the subjects was 46.6%, 63.8% and 43.1% respectively. Scores on stress, anxiety and depression subscales for subjects having disordered eating behaviour were significantly higher than those having normal eating behaviour and with regard to severity of depression, anxiety and stress, significant differences were found between the subjects. Significant positive correlations between EAT-26 scores of subjects and their scores on depression, anxiety and stress subscales were also found.Conclusion: The study indicated that prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress was substantial among the female college students in Delhi and played an important role in the occurrence of disordered eating behaviour among them. Suitable interventions for alleviating depression, anxiety and stress among young females need to be promoted to prevent disordered eating behaviour among them

Gene therapy with growth factors for periodontal tissue engineering : a review

The treatment of oral and periodontal diseases and associated anomalies accounts for a significant proportion of the healthcare burden, with the manifestations of these conditions being functionally and psychologically debilitating. A challenge faced by periodontal therapy is the predictable regeneration of periodontal tissues lost as a consequence of disease. Growth factors are critical to the development, maturation, maintenance and repair of oral tissues as they establish an extra-cellular environment that is conducive to cell and tissue growth. Tissue engineering principles aim to exploit these properties in the development of biomimetic materials that can provide an appropriate microenvironment for tissue development. The aim of this paper is to review emerging periodontal therapies in the areas of materials science, growth factor biology and cell/gene therapy. Various such materials have been formulated into devices that can be used as vehicles for delivery of cells, growth factors and DNA. Different mechanisms of drug delivery are addressed in the context of novel approaches to reconstruct and engineer oral and tooth supporting structure. © Medicina Oral

Periodontitis as a Risk of Hospitalization and Death by SARS-CoV-2

Non peer reviewe

Kinetics of Chromic Acid Oxidation of Thioglycollic, Thiolactic & Thiomalic Acids

1082-108

Study of iron status indicators in different phases of menstrual cycle in first year medical college females

Background: Iron requirements are increased in adolescent girls with growth and the onset of menarche and remain high in women until menopause.Methods: We conducted a study on first year medical college female students (age group 18-25 years) belonging to socioeconomic classes 1 and 2 as per the Modified Kuppuswamy’s Scale to study the effect of the phases of menstrual cycle on the iron status indicators (ISI) (Hb, Serum Iron, TIBC, MCV and TS%). Menstrual phases were defined and blood samples were drawn from all the girls in all the 3 phases (menstrual, follicular and luteal) and Hb, Serum iron and Total iron binding capacity were assessed on a semi-auto-analyzer and MCV was estimated using a fully automated CBC machine. Transferrin Saturation was derived as Serum Iron / TIBC × 100.Results: We found significant (p<0.01) difference in iron status indicators (ISI) that varied significantly in accordance to the menstrual cycle, with values highest during the luteal phase and lowest during the menstrual phase.Conclusions: The effect of hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle plays a part in the variation of iron status measures, which has to be considered while measuring them in a female during her reproductive years

Kinetics of Os(VIII)-catalysed Oxidation of Neutralized Glyoxylic & Pyruvic Acids by Alkaline Hexacyanoferrate(III)

586-58

LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC REVIEW OF LEECH THERAPY IN AYURVEDA AND MODERN SCIENCE

Leech Therapy is claimed to be the supreme therapy because of its high efficiency in the curing blood related disorders. According Ayurvedic classics it is safer and less complicated natural process therefore indicated even for the king, rich, old, fearful, weak, women, and the people of tender nature. Records of the medical usage of leeches date back to the beginning of civilization. Modern hirudotherapy differs from that of ancient one because now we do not use wild leeches but grown in a special bio factories where they are in severe quarantine. Except, now a days the leeches used only once. After using a leech it is destroyed this fact excludes infection of the patients. The absolute safety and obvious advantage of hirudotherapy and checked up by thousands of years of experience of mankind and does not cause any doubt in the secretion of medicinal leeches salivary gland, except hirudin inhibitor of ferment thrombin, there is a whole range of biological active combinations. The benefits of leech therapy were earlier thought to be derived from the amount of blood lost, hence relieving congestion and removing the noxious humors. Recent researches have demonstrated that more than the blood loss, it is the salivary secretions of the leech which contain an amazing cocktail of medicinal substances. This has led to its therapeutic use in numerous medical and surgical conditions like varicosities, various skin diseases like scabies, psoriasis, ringworm etc; phlebitis, to reduce post-operative swelling in plastic and reconstructive surgery and pain relief in various arthritic diseases.

Propargyloxycarbonyl as a protecting group for the side chains of serine, threonine and tyrosine

Propargyloxycarbonyl group is used as a protecting group for the hydroxyl groups of serine, threonine and tyrosine. The propargyloxycarbonyl derivatives of these hydroxy amino acids are stable to acidic and basic reagents commonly employed in peptide synthesis. The deprotection of the O-Poc derivatives using tetrathiomolybdate does not affect commonly used protecting groups such as N-Boc, N-Cbz, N-Fmoc, methyl and benzyl esters. The di-and tripeptides synthesized using O-Poc derivatives of serine, threonine and tyrosine are stable, isolable compounds and give the hydroxy peptides in good yields when treated with tetrathiomolybdate